Bag Manufacturing Guide — Vadalo Ventures

🌿

Jute Bags

Made from India's "Golden Fiber" — 100% biodegradable, extremely strong, and the world's most sustainable packaging solution. Our Kolkata facility sits in the heartland of global jute manufacturing.

100% Biodegradable Jute Mark Certified 5–20 kg Capacity GOTS Available MOQ: 500 pcs

✦Why Jute Bags?

Fully Biodegradable

Decomposes within 1–2 years in natural conditions. Zero microplastic pollution.

Extremely Strong

Can carry 5 to 20 kg depending on GSM and construction. Perfect for grocery & retail.

Excellent for Branding

Accepts screen print, heat transfer, embroidery, and rubber patch printing.

Export Preferred

Top choice for EU, US, Australia, Middle East eco-conscious retail buyers.

Naturally Moisture-Resistant

Ideal for grocery, food packaging, and general retail use cases.

Low Carbon Footprint

Requires no fossil fuels to produce. CO₂ absorber during growth phase.

1Raw Materials

Fiber Type	Grade	GSM Range	Best Use
White Jute (Corchorus capsularis)	TD-3 to TD-6	200–400 GSM	Standard bags, grocery bags
Tossa Jute (Corchorus olitorius)	BTR to BTE	150–350 GSM	Fine quality, softer texture
Hessian / Burlap Cloth	Pre-woven	180–400 GSM	Export tote, wine bags
Jute Felt	Compressed	300–600 GSM	Stiffened, backing bags

🔎 Buyer Note: All dyes used are azo-free and REACH compliant — safe for European, UK, and US markets. We can provide material test reports on request.

2Manufacturing Process — Step by Step

Stage 1Raw Jute Bale → Fabric

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Raw jute bales received from JMDC-certified farms in West Bengal and Bangladesh
Bales opened, moisture tested, and graded by QC inspector
Fibers softened using emulsion (water + mineral oil) for easier processing
Carding: Tangled fibers separated into parallel strands (slivers)
Drawing Frame: Multiple slivers combined into uniform thickness
Spinning: Slivers twisted into jute yarn on ring or roving frames
Weaving: Yarn woven into jute fabric on power looms — plain weave (hessian) or twill
Fabric rolled and sent for GSM quality testing

Stage 2Dyeing & Finishing (Optional)

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Grey jute fabric scoured (washed) to remove natural oils and impurities
Fabric immersed in azo-free dye bath — temperature and pH precisely controlled
Dye fixation using salt and soda ash for reactive dyes — ensures color fastness
Multi-stage washing to remove excess unfixed dye
Softening agent applied for improved hand feel
Dried through stenter frame for uniform width control
QC: Color fastness (ISO 105), GSM, tensile strength tested before dispatch

Stage 3Cutting

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Approved fabric spread in multiple layers on cutting tables
CAD-generated patterns placed for minimum fabric wastage
Cutting done by straight-knife machines or die-cutting presses
Cut panels counted, bundled, and tagged with style, size, and color codes
Handles / straps cut separately from cotton webbing or jute rope

Stage 4Printing / Branding

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Screen Printing: Rubber or water-based inks through mesh screens — best for 1–4 color logos
Heat Transfer: Full-color digital designs applied via heat press
Jute Patch: Pre-printed patch stitched or glued on bag front
Embossing: Logo pressed into fabric surface for premium feel
Embroidery: Thread-stitched logo — premium quality, long-lasting

Stage 5Stitching & Assembly

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Panels stitched on industrial sewing machines (single needle lock stitch)
Side seams stitched first, then bottom panel attached
Gusset (box bottom) stitched for flat-base bags
Handles attached with bar tack reinforcement at minimum 4 points
Inner lining sewn and inserted if required
Zippers, magnetic snaps, velcro, or drawstring attached
Rivets added at handle attachment points for heavy-duty bags
All threads trimmed; bag inspected and turned right side out

Stage 6Quality Control & Inspection

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Every bag inspected for stitching quality — skip stitches, thread breaks
Handle pull test: 15 kg+ static load for 30 seconds minimum
Seam strength per ASTM D1683 standard
Color fastness: rubbing and washing tests (ISO 105-X12, ISO 105-C06)
Dimension check: ±0.5 cm tolerance against approved sample
Pre-shipment AQL 2.5 random sampling inspection (ISO 2859-1)

Stage 7Packing & Export

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Bags folded per buyer specification (flat fold, roll fold, or hanger)
Tissue paper / poly bag inserted individually if required
Packed into export cartons with carton marking (PO, style, qty, weight)
Carton sealed, strapped, and palletized per buyer requirement
Documents: Commercial Invoice, Packing List, Certificate of Origin, GSP/Form-A

3Customization & Specifications

Parameter	Standard Range	Custom Options
GSM (Fabric Weight)	200 – 500 GSM	As per buyer requirement
Bag Size	8×10 inch to 18×20 inch	Any custom size
Handle Type	Cotton webbing, Jute rope, Leather	Bamboo, wooden, metal ring
Handle Length	22 cm to 70 cm	Custom
Closure Type	Open top, Zipper, Drawstring, Velcro	Magnetic snap, Button
Printing Method	Screen print, Heat transfer, Embroidery	Patch, Emboss
Color	Natural, Black, Navy, Olive, Brown	Any Pantone shade (dyed)
Lining	Unlined (standard)	Cotton, polyester, jute lining
MOQ (Domestic)	500 pieces per style	Negotiable
MOQ (Export)	1,000 pieces per style	Negotiable
Sample Lead Time	5 – 7 working days	—
Production Lead Time	21 – 35 days after approval	Depends on quantity

4Indicative Pricing

Product	FOB Price (USD)	Ex-Works (INR)	MOQ
Plain jute tote (natural, unprinted)	$0.80 – $1.20	₹65 – ₹100	1,000 pcs
Dyed jute tote with screen print	$1.20 – $1.80	₹100 – ₹150	1,000 pcs
Laminated jute grocery bag	$1.50 – $2.20	₹125 – ₹185	1,000 pcs
Jute wine bag (2 bottle)	$1.80 – $2.50	₹150 – ₹210	500 pcs
Premium jute bag with lining + zipper	$2.50 – $4.00	₹210 – ₹335	500 pcs
Custom embroidered jute bag	$3.00 – $5.50	₹250 – ₹460	500 pcs

💡 Prices are indicative FOB Kolkata (export) / Ex-Works Kolkata (domestic). Actual pricing depends on specifications, quantity, and branding. Contact us for a formal quotation.

5Certifications & Compliance

🏷️Jute Mark (BIS)

🌿GOTS (on request)

♻️GRS (Recycled)

🏭ISO 9001:2015

🤝Sedex / SMETA

🇮🇳MSME Registered

📦IEC (DGFT)

🛃AEO Customs

🧪REACH Compliant

✅Azo-Free Dyes

🧵

Cotton Bags

Soft, lightweight, machine washable, and infinitely reusable. Available in organic cotton (GOTS certified), cotton canvas, calico, twill, and drill — the world's most versatile eco bag substrate.

Machine Washable GOTS Certified DTG/Screen Printable OEKO-TEX Ready MOQ: 300 pcs

✦Why Cotton Bags?

Reusable Hundreds of Times

Machine washable — retains shape and strength through repeated use.

🖨️

Best Print Quality

Flat smooth surface = sharpest screen printing and DTG results of all natural fabrics.

🌾

Organic Cotton Option

GOTS-certified organic cotton — premium positioning for eco brands.

⚡

Fast Production

Shorter lead time than jute or canvas — 20–30 days after sample approval.

🛒

Universal Application

Grocery, fashion, corporate gifting, NGOs, supermarkets worldwide.

🌡️

Easy Care

Machine wash 40°C — no special care needed. Low maintenance for end consumer.

1Fabric Types Available

Fabric Type	Weight	Texture	Best Use
Calico / Muslin	4 oz / 120 GSM	Light, semi-sheer	Promo bags, small pouches
Natural Canvas	6 oz / 170 GSM	Medium, woven	Standard tote bags
Heavy Canvas	10 oz / 280 GSM	Thick, sturdy	Shopping, beach bags
Cotton Twill	8 oz / 220 GSM	Diagonal weave, soft	Fashion totes, gift bags
Cotton Drill	10 oz / 280 GSM	Strong, uniform	Heavy-duty carry bags
Organic Cotton	6–10 oz / 170–280 GSM	GOTS certified	Premium eco retail bags

2Manufacturing Process — Step by Step

Stage 1Fabric Procurement & IQC

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Cotton fabric rolls received from GOTS-certified mills (for organic) or BCI certified mills
Incoming Quality Check (IQC): GSM, tensile strength, color fastness, shrinkage test
Fabric stored in clean, dry warehouse — FIFO (First In First Out) system
Defective rolls rejected with Quality Deviation Report (QDR) to supplier

Stage 2Dyeing & Finishing

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Fabric scoured to remove sizing agents and natural wax
Bleaching for white fabric: hydrogen peroxide bleach under controlled temperature
Dyeing with azo-free reactive dyes at 60–80°C for 45–60 minutes
Fixation with salt and alkali, then multi-stage washing
Softening agent applied for smooth hand feel
Stentering: fabric dried and width-set on tenter frame at 150°C
QC: Color fastness grade 4+ (ISO 105-C06, ISO 105-X12)

Stage 3Pre-Shrinking (Sanforizing)

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Fabric pre-shrunk using sanforizing machine — residual shrinkage reduced to below 3%
Critical for buyers requiring wash-tested bags (EN ISO 6330 European standard)

Stage 4Cutting

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Fabric spread in multiple layers using auto-spreading machine
CAD markers for minimum 5% fabric waste target
Straight-knife cutting for main panels; die press for gussets
All panels labeled with batch, style, size, and color code

Stage 5Printing Methods

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Screen Printing: 1–6 color PVC-free water-based or plastisol inks
DTG (Direct-to-Garment): High-resolution full-color photo printing on fabric
DTF (Direct-to-Film): For small runs and detailed multicolor designs
Block Printing: Traditional handmade for artisan / fair-trade range
All inks cured at 160°C for 90 seconds to ensure wash fastness

Stage 6Stitching & Assembly

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Front and back panels stitched on single-needle lockstitch machine
Side seams finished with French seam or overlocked edge for clean interior
Gusset bottom stitched for box-bottom bags
Handles bar-tacked at 4 points — tested to 15 kg load minimum
Zipper, drawstring, or snap closure attached
Inner pockets stitched if required (mobile slot, card pocket, key hook)
Threads trimmed, bag pressed and final inspected

Stage 7QC & Export Packing

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100% visual inspection of every bag — stitching, print, handles, closure
Dimension check ±0.5 cm tolerance; handle pull test per EN 15773
Wash test: 5 machine washes at 40°C — color fastness and shrinkage checked
AQL 2.5 random inspection before packing
Individual biodegradable poly bag + master carton with export markings
Documents: Invoice, Packing List, COO, GOTS Certificate (if applicable), GSP Form-A

3Specifications & Customization

Parameter	Standard	Custom
Fabric Weight	4 oz (120 GSM) to 12 oz (340 GSM)	As per spec
Fabric Type	Canvas, Calico, Twill, Drill	Organic, Recycled cotton
Bag Size	6×8 inch to 20×24 inch	Any custom size
Handle Type	Cotton webbing, Rope	Leather, Bamboo
Closure	Open top, Zipper, Drawstring	Snap, Velcro, Button
Print Method	Screen, DTG, DTF, Block print	Embroidery, Patch
Color	Natural, White, Black	Any Pantone (dyed)
MOQ Domestic	300 pieces per style	Negotiable
MOQ Export	500 pieces per style	Negotiable
Sample Lead Time	5 – 7 working days	—
Production Lead Time	20 – 30 days after approval	Qty dependent

💡 Buyer Tip: For European retail, specify GOTS organic cotton and EN-tested handles. For US retail, DTG printing gives you the sharpest full-color design at no artwork setup cost.

4Pricing (Indicative)

Product	FOB (USD)	Ex-Works (INR)	MOQ
Natural calico tote (unprinted)	$0.60 – $0.90	₹50 – ₹75	500 pcs
Canvas tote with 1-color screen print	$0.90 – $1.30	₹75 – ₹110	500 pcs
6 oz canvas full-color DTG tote	$1.50 – $2.20	₹125 – ₹185	200 pcs
Organic cotton tote (GOTS certified)	$1.80 – $2.80	₹150 – ₹235	500 pcs
Heavy canvas bag with zipper + lining	$2.50 – $3.50	₹210 – ₹295	300 pcs
Premium cotton tote with embroidery	$3.00 – $5.00	₹250 – ₹420	300 pcs

✨

Juco Bags

The best of both worlds — jute strength meets cotton softness. Juco (Jute-Cotton blend, typically 60:40) delivers superior printability, refined feel, and the eco-credentials of natural fiber. Loved by European lifestyle and luxury retail brands.

60% Jute + 40% Cotton Superior Print Quality GOTS Available EU Lifestyle Preferred MOQ: 500 pcs

✦Juco vs. Jute vs. Cotton

Feature	Jute Bag	Cotton Bag	Juco Bag ✨
Eco-friendliness	Excellent	Good	Excellent
Strength / Load capacity	Very High	Medium	High
Surface smoothness	Rough	Smooth	Semi-smooth
Print quality	Limited	Excellent	Very Good
Fashion appeal	Rustic	High	High
Biodegradable	Yes (1–2 yrs)	Yes (5 mo)	Yes (1–2 yrs)
Cost vs plain jute	Base	Higher	+20–30%

🎯 Buyer Insight: Juco is ideal when you want the eco and organic story of jute but need better printability and a softer feel. Very popular in European gift, lifestyle, and boutique retail.

1Fabric Composition Options

Blend	Composition	Characteristics	Best For
Standard Juco	60% Jute + 40% Cotton	Most common, balanced strength and softness	Tote bags, shopping bags
Fine Juco	50% Jute + 50% Cotton	Smoother feel, better print detail	Fashion, gift bags
Heavy Juco	70% Jute + 30% Cotton	Stronger, slightly rougher	Grocery, utility bags
Organic Juco	GOTS-certified blend	Fully organic fiber, certified	Premium eco retail

2Manufacturing Process

Stage 1Juco Yarn Blending & Weaving

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Jute and cotton fibers blended in the required ratio (60:40 or as specified)
Blended sliver drawn through drafting frames for uniform fiber mixing
Spinning: blended sliver spun into juco yarn on ring spinning frames
Yarn quality tested: count, twist per inch (TPI), tensile strength
Juco yarn woven into fabric on semi-automatic power looms — plain or twill weave
Fabric inspection: GSM, weave uniformity, thread count per inch

Stage 2Dyeing (Two-Bath Process)

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Juco fabric scoured to remove sizing from both jute and cotton components
Two-bath dyeing: vat or direct dye for jute component + reactive dye for cotton
Alternatively: cross-dyeing for two-tone effects (cotton takes color, jute stays natural)
Fixation, washing, softening — same process as cotton
Stentering for width control and uniform drying

Stage 3Cutting

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Juco fabric cut in multiple layers per CAD patterns
Straight-knife cutting machine — knife speed adjusted for juco's denser weave
All panels labeled: style, color, batch, size
Handle webbing cut to required length separately

Stage 4Printing on Juco

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Screen Printing: 1–4 colors, water-based inks cured at 160°C — best result
Heat Transfer: Best for multi-color or photographic designs
Embroidery: Excellent on juco — cotton component grips thread well
Rubber Patch: Logo-shaped rubber patch stitched or glued on front
Note: DTG printing not recommended on juco — surface is not uniform enough for inkjet

Stage 5Stitching, QC & Export

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Heavy-duty industrial sewing machines — 5–6 stitches per inch for juco density
Handle bar tack at minimum 4 points per handle end
Bottom reinforcement stitching for heavy-duty styles
Gusset or flat bottom construction per design
100% visual QC + handle pull test (15 kg × 60 sec) + color fastness check
AQL 2.5 pre-shipment inspection; GOTS certificates for organic juco orders

3Pricing (Indicative)

Product	FOB (USD)	Ex-Works (INR)	MOQ
Natural juco tote (unprinted)	$1.10 – $1.60	₹90 – ₹135	1,000 pcs
Dyed juco tote with 2-color screen print	$1.60 – $2.20	₹135 – ₹185	1,000 pcs
Juco bag with cotton lining + zipper	$2.50 – $3.50	₹210 – ₹295	500 pcs
Organic juco tote (GOTS certified)	$2.20 – $3.20	₹185 – ₹270	500 pcs
Premium juco bag with embroidery	$3.50 – $5.50	₹295 – ₹460	500 pcs

📌 Juco bags carry a 20–30% price premium over plain jute due to cotton blending cost. This is justified by the superior look, feel, and printability for premium retail buyers.

🎒

Canvas Bags

Heavy-duty, timeless, and built to last decades. Canvas (heavy-weight plain-weave cotton duck) is available in natural, dyed, waxed, stone-washed, and enzyme-washed finishes — the choice for outdoor, workwear, fashion, and premium retail.

8 oz to 16 oz Waxed Canvas Available 20–25 kg Capacity OEKO-TEX Safe MOQ: 300 pcs

✦Canvas Fabric Grades

Duck Number	Weight (oz)	GSM	Ideal Use
#12 Duck	7 oz	200 GSM	Light totes, promo bags
#10 Duck	8 oz	230 GSM	Standard tote bags
#8 Duck	10 oz	280 GSM	Shopping, market bags
#6 Duck	12 oz	340 GSM	Heavy-duty, tool bags
#4 Duck	14 oz	400 GSM	Workwear, military bags
#1 Duck	18 oz	510 GSM	Industrial, military grade

✦Special Finishes

💧

Waxed Canvas

Paraffin or beeswax coating for full waterproofing — hugely popular in US/EU outdoor and adventure segment.

🪨

Stone Washed

Pre-washed with pumice stones for a soft, vintage, worn-in look — loved by Japanese buyers and fashion brands.

🛢️

Oil Tanned

Oil-treated canvas for a leather-like rugged appearance — used in premium workwear and heritage bags.

🧴

DWR Finish

Durable water-repellent coating (PFAS-free available) — water-resistant without heavy wax treatment.

1Manufacturing Process

Stage 1Fabric Procurement & IQC

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Canvas fabric received from mills in Gujarat, Coimbatore, or Kolkata
IQC: GSM, thread count, tensile strength (ASTM D5034), tear strength (ASTM D1424)
Shrinkage test: pre-shrunk canvas must show less than 3% shrinkage
Visual check for weave defects, slubs, holes — defective rolls returned

Stage 2Dyeing & Finishing

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Canvas scoured in jigger or beam dyeing machine — removes sizing agents
Piece dyeing with reactive dyes at 60–80°C for 45–60 minutes
Salt and alkali fixation — multi-stage hot and cold washing
Silicon softener for hand feel; stentering for width control
Sanforizing (compacting) — pre-shrunk to less than 3% residual shrinkage
QC: ISO 105-C06 wash fastness, ISO 105-X12 rubbing fastness — grade 4+ minimum

Stage 3Waxed Canvas Application

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Dry canvas passed through heated wax bath (paraffin/beeswax at 80–100°C)
Excess wax removed by nip rollers for uniform penetration
Air-cooled on roller — wax solidifies within the weave
Optional second pass for heavier coating (maximum water resistance)
Hydrostatic pressure test: minimum 500 mm water column

Stage 4Cutting & Printing

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Auto fabric spreader — 20 to 40 layers; spreading tension carefully controlled for canvas
Straight-knife or band-knife cutting; clicker press for small repetitive parts
Screen Printing: Up to 8 colors, large area flat-bed screens — best canvas result
Discharge Printing: Removes canvas dye for white/light print on pigment-dyed canvas
DTG: Photographic quality on pre-treated canvas panels
Leather Patch: Embossed/debossed patch sewn on bag front for premium branding

Stage 5Heavy-Duty Stitching

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Walking foot industrial sewing machines — handles multiple thick canvas layers
Bonded nylon or polyester thread (T-70 to T-135) — 7–9 stitches per inch (SPI)
Side seams flat felled (double folded) — no exposed raw edges, maximum strength
Bottom box seam for load-bearing base construction
Handles: 3.8–5 cm webbing, bar-tacked with box-X stitch pattern
Hardware (D-rings, buckles, rivets) attached with industrial rivet press
Twin-needle machine for zipper channel seam
All stress points double bar-tacked: handles, zipper ends, pocket openings

Stage 6QC Testing & Export

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100% visual QC: all seams, hardware, print, zipper, closures checked
Handle pull test: minimum 25 kg static load for 60 seconds
Zipper operation: 500 open-close cycles without failure
Seam strength: ASTM D1683 — minimum 15 kg seam breaking strength
Hardware corrosion: 48-hour salt spray test (ISO 9227)
AQL 2.5 pre-shipment inspection; third-party inspection available on request
Documents: Invoice, Packing List, B/L, COO, Test Reports

2Specifications & Customization

Parameter	Standard Range	Custom Options
Canvas Weight	8 oz (230 GSM) to 16 oz (455 GSM)	Custom weight
Bag Size	12×14 inch to 22×26 inch	Any custom size
Handle Type	Cotton webbing (3.8 cm / 5 cm)	Leather, rope, chain
Closure	Open top, Zip, Drawstring	Roll-top, Buckle, Snap
Hardware Finish	Natural brass, Antique copper	Gunmetal, Nickel, Black
Print Method	Screen print, DTG, Discharge	Leather patch, Emboss
Special Finish	Natural, Dyed, Waxed, Stone-washed	Enzyme wash, DWR coat
MOQ Domestic	300 pieces per style	Negotiable
MOQ Export	500 pieces per style	Negotiable
Sample Lead Time	7 – 10 working days	—
Production Lead Time	25 – 40 days after approval	Qty dependent

💡 Buyer Tip: Waxed canvas bags (10 oz+) are extremely popular in US/EU outdoor lifestyle markets. Stone-washed canvas is top choice for Japanese buyers for its vintage aesthetic.

3Pricing (Indicative)

Product	FOB (USD)	Ex-Works (INR)	MOQ
8 oz canvas tote (natural, unprinted)	$1.00 – $1.50	₹84 – ₹126	500 pcs
10 oz canvas tote with screen print	$1.50 – $2.20	₹126 – ₹185	500 pcs
12 oz waxed canvas tote bag	$3.50 – $5.50	₹295 – ₹460	300 pcs
Stone-washed canvas fashion tote	$2.50 – $3.80	₹210 – ₹320	300 pcs
Heavy canvas tool bag / workbag	$4.00 – $7.00	₹336 – ₹588	200 pcs
Premium canvas backpack (14 oz)	$8.00 – $15.00	₹672 – ₹1,260	200 pcs

Quick Enquiry

How Our Eco Bags Are Made

Jute Bags

Fully Biodegradable

Extremely Strong

Excellent for Branding

Export Preferred

Naturally Moisture-Resistant

Low Carbon Footprint

Stage 1Raw Jute Bale → Fabric

Stage 2Dyeing & Finishing (Optional)

Stage 3Cutting

Stage 4Printing / Branding

Stage 5Stitching & Assembly

Stage 6Quality Control & Inspection

Stage 7Packing & Export

Cotton Bags

Reusable Hundreds of Times

Best Print Quality

Organic Cotton Option

Fast Production

Universal Application

Easy Care

Stage 1Fabric Procurement & IQC

Stage 2Dyeing & Finishing

Stage 3Pre-Shrinking (Sanforizing)

Stage 4Cutting

Stage 5Printing Methods

Stage 6Stitching & Assembly

Stage 7QC & Export Packing

Juco Bags

Stage 1Juco Yarn Blending & Weaving

Stage 2Dyeing (Two-Bath Process)

Stage 3Cutting

Stage 4Printing on Juco

Stage 5Stitching, QC & Export

Canvas Bags

Waxed Canvas

Stone Washed

Oil Tanned

DWR Finish

Stage 1Fabric Procurement & IQC

Stage 2Dyeing & Finishing

Stage 3Waxed Canvas Application

Stage 4Cutting & Printing

Stage 5Heavy-Duty Stitching

Stage 6QC Testing & Export

Ready to Place Your Order?